BSC Casavant Case

Definition

Introduction

The word "organ," as so many words in English, has different meanings depending on the context in which it is used. Even within a musical context, "organ" can be indefinite in its connotations. This liberal use of the word is found not only in English but also in Greek and Latin writings, where organon and organum were used to mean variously 1

Even if one considers the English word in its application to a specific musical instrument, it has different connotations to different readers. To some it conjures up visions of ornate displays of pipes arranged in beautiful cases, with the keyboards almost never seen by most who enter the building.9

King's College,
Cambridge

Others think only of an elaborate console, with row upon row of keyboards, buttons, switches and knobs visible to the eye, but not a pipe in sight.10

Cathedral Church of the
Advent, Möller Organ

In many cases, instruments that are referred to as "organs" do not even have pipes, but produce their sound through electronic reproduction of pipe sounds.

In the face of all this confusion, it is necessary to make a decision as to what the "organ" really is. Many writers - - of dictionaries, encyclopedias, and textbooks - - have given accurate definitions of the organ as a specific musical instrument. For the purposes of this tutorial, the word is used as it has been by recent writers Willi Apel 2 and Peter Williams.3 That is, the organ is a musical instrument in which:

Instruments not included in this definition

Additional Characteristics

According to the definition given above, an organ must have several specific components. In practice, these required components take a variety of forms. Additionally, organs over the past few centuries have developed other special characteristics which distinguish them. Thus, an organ built in the Netherlands in the sixteenth century has pipes, keyboards, and windchests filled with wind, but the connections between the keyboard and the rest of the instrument differ from those found in a Wurlitzer theater organ built in the 1920's, even though it also has pipes, keyboards, and windchests filled with wind. The two instruments might look and sound different, but they are both organs by the definition.

Since its invention in the second century BCE, the organ has changed and developed in many ways. Its appearance, its size, and its mechanical complexity have altered to reflect not only technological developments but also changing musical aesthetics. To many people, it is the nature of these changes that gives the instrument a special fascination. They do not alter the essential nature of the organ, however. They are simply distinguishing characteristics whose presence or absence distinguishes one type of instrument, or even one specific organ, from another. The additional features include

All of these characteristics - - both essential and non-essential - - have played an important part in the history of the organ. This tutorial presents a description both of the instrument in its current state of development at the end of the twentieth century and of its historical development during a period of over two thousand years.


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© 1998 James H. Cook